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Galapagos Penguin
slender penguin with lightly spotted white belly standing on shore in the Galapagos
Alfie Photography / Shutterstock
One of the smallest penguins in the world, the Galapagos penguin is also the only penguin with a range over the equator. That makes it the most northerly breeding penguin.
Like many species of penguin, these creatures form monogamous pair bonds and typically mate for life. These penguins are listed as endangered by the IUCN. Major threats are oil spills and climate change, as the latter creates more severe La Nina and El Nino weather patterns.