The taxon was first described by Eugène Simon in 1864 as a subgenus of Gasteracantha,[8] and was raised to genus status in 1974 by Michel Emerit.[9]
M. arcuata was historically included in the genus Gasteracantha.[1] A 2019 study examining three mitochondrial and two nuclear genes found that M. arcuata is allied with Gasteracantha hasselti and Actinacantha globulata and that Gasteracantha is paraphyletic with respect to Macracantha, Actinacantha, and Thelacantha. The authors, however, did not propose generic reassignments based on their data