The underground labyrinth was used by ancient Persians as a hiding place. Image credit: Iran Doostan Tours
The underground city was built during the Sassanian era (224-651 CE), when Iran was frequently invaded by foreign enemies such as Romans, Arabs, Mongols, and Turks. The inhabitants of Nushabad dug underground chambers as hideouts for women, children, and the elderly in case of an attack. Over time, these chambers were connected and expanded into a city that could accommodate thousands of people for several days. The city had all the facilities needed for survival, such as storage spaces, toilets, ventilation shafts, and water wells.